Political Socialization in Carniola: The Case of the Women’s and Labour Movements and the Relationship between the Public and the Political

The present article details two public movements in Carniola, on behalf of women and for labour, as well as the course of the transformation of the public and political space at the turn the 20th century. The question of the key factors that contributed to the success of these movements is addressed, with answers sought in the context of the resource mobilization theory. The primary focus of interest is relevant successful organisational models and particularly, the mobilization and political socialization of the membership of these movements. Attention is directed towards individuals and their activities within the social networks, as one’s willingness to operate in a social movement and collective action was, for the most part, influenced by the level of embedment in networks.
The labour movement and women’s movement operated in a similar manner in many respects, namely via social networks that were usually based on existing acquaintances. Individuals were allowed to join in small groups that empowered their respective members and provided the necessary skills to make public appearances and voice the reasons behind their demands. External stimulus was important as well. In both cases this implies, first and foremost, the Austrian context. Connections between members of the movements were strengthened by joint free-time activities and organized social events. Certain differences did exist between these two organisations, in terms of the social class for example, but mostly in terms of the intensity of the labour movement’s political socialization that became necessary, which resulted in significantly greater pressure exerted by the authorities bringing greater consequences for active individuals in the movement.