Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1939

The Fight for the “Modern Peculiar Character.” The Nationalist Narrative Within the Concept of Applied Art Modernization Reform in 1920’s Slovakia

Seneši Lutherová, Silvia

A significant portion of the theoretical discourse on modernization reform of applied art and design in Slovakia led by the cultural and political elite in the 1920s was based on the ideological framework of “national culture.” In journal articles, leading proponents of the reform, Josef Vydra and Antonín Hořejš, constructed the concept of “modern national applied art,” which they defined based on an objective, perceived quality: “national specificity” or a “character of national culture,” which they eventually came to label “modern peculiar character” (Vydra).

The Impact of Momentous Historical Events upon the Formation of a National Ideology in Slovakia during the Period of pre-Munich Czechoslovakia

Olejník, Milan

Momentous historical events have a great importance upon formation of national ideology regardless of political and social character of society. This is especially true for events, which, in a significant matter, contributed to formation of independent new states. The submitted paper is devoted to genesis of commemoration and celebration of happenings leading to foundation of Czechoslovakian Republic and to the their impact upon the official ideology of Czechoslovakian state.

The Hungarian Political Elite in Czechoslovakia between Two World Wars – Theme Outline

Simon, Attila

This study is the first attempt to outline the specific characteristics of the Hungarian national minority´s political elite, the congressmen and senators of the National Assembly, in the first Czechoslovak Republic. The first part of the article focuses on the basic features of the contemporary Hungarian political elite in Slovakia; the place of origin, profession, place of residence, age, political affinities etc. of the Hungarian MPs.

Institutional Preconditions for the Development of Science in Slovakia after 1918

Hollý, Karol

Scholar activities within the Slovak national-scientific society before 1918 are often characterized as amateurish and rather enthusiastic. This evaluation is quite right while one of main reasons is to be seen in an absence of any institutional background, inevitable for professionalization as well as specialization of individual scientific activities of the Slovak intellectual elite.

Health Care and Hygiene-related Conditions in Interwar Prešov

Kovaľ, Peter

During the interwar period, the town of Prešov was responsible for the provision of medical care to the whole of the Šariš region. In the 1920s, three hospitals were operating in Prešov – the town's public hospital, the infectious diseases hospital, and the military hospital. In 1935, a brand new Prešov District Public Hospital was put into service. Just like other Slovak cities, Prešov was also affected by a post-war crisis; this became reflected in the welfare of the citizens. Poor social and hygienic conditions caused the spread of all sorts of diseases.

Back to the Stove? Female Communist Press and Criticism of Austerity Measures in Public Administration (1932-1933)

Jahodářová, Lucie

The study focuses on the Great Depression era, when the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) attempted to attract new groups of voters. The study follows the Rozsevačka magazine, a party press journal for women sympathizing with the communist ideals, which paid considerable attention to the issue of austerity measures for women in the Czechoslovak civil service. The austerity measures had a big impact on the lives of women employees in the civil service, and the KSČ attempted to interest them as well as other groups of potential voters.

In the Layers of Memory. On the Czechoslovak Traces Left by Soviet Diplomat Alexandr Jakovlevich Arosev

Zavacká, Marína

Negotiations focused on full diplomatic recognition of the USSR by Czechoslovakia, which was the main task of Alexandr J. Arosev (head of the soviet mission to Prague from 1929-1933), required intense and friendly contacts with local political, economic and cultural elites. On the other hand, these contradicted the expectations of the local Communist community, which was relying on the production of an image of the USSR as the "homeland of all proletarians" and as their protector from alien bourgeois regimes.

The Party of the Young, the Indifferent and the Unemployed? Changes Within the Membership of the Interwar Czech Communist Party

Rákosník, Jakub

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KPC), established in 1921, was one of the most powerful parties around the world during the interwar period. Although a high degree of fluctuation was typical for its membership, its electoral support was quite stable. The article is concerned with a critical interpretation of the following questions: First: The rhetoric of communist propaganda emphasized the symbolic youth of the collectivist new world order proposed by the Marxist-Leninist ideology, and the party organizational tactics were aimed towards the recruitment of young members.

The Legislative Solutions to the Housing Crisis During the First Czechoslovak Republic and the Implementation of Laws into Practice; Case Study of Bratislava

Osyková, Linda

After the establishment of the First Czechoslovak Republic the housing for the socially disadvantaged population became a complex problem, especially for the cities with a lot of industry and therefore a large population. Grim living conditions in the cities were a trend even before 1914. After the First World War, however, the housing crisis peaked. Some marginalized groups had no housing available or lived in a totally unsuitable environment. State authorities tried to resolve the housing crisis via numerous legislative measures.

From Social Radicalism To Radical Socialism, 1918 - 1920

Benko, Juraj

The study deals with the circumstances of the formation of social protests within the context of the lower classes during the first years after the establishment of Czechoslovakia and with the relationship between social radicalism and radical socialism during this period. On one hand, the author focuses on the social causes of the protests, on the other hand, the ways in which the protests were expressed are analysed.

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