terminology

This issue examines some theoretical questions and concerns related to the study of criminality in the past. The categories and boundaries of what is considered criminal depend on circumstances determined by both power and religion. An act was not considered a crime until generally recognized as such, or made illegal by those with the power or authority to do so. Each era and society maintained its own scale and hierarchy of crimes. Some forms of behaviour were criminalised, others decriminalised.

Medieval nobility of Hungary comprised about 4 to 5% of the country's total population. From the great part it was represented by lesser nobles with modest property. Among lesser nobles prevailed nobiles unius sessionis, i. e. nobles possessing only one "session" - piece of land. This group is often mistakenly considered as a separate social group and at the same time the lowest strata of nobility. From that reason they are frequently characterised as impecunious, poor or peasant nobles.

A significant feature of the family relation terminology in the Slovak language is its big cognitive value from the linguistic and extra linguistic point of view. They reflect not only an internal language development but mainly extra linguistic factors that give a possibility to identify a cultural development context in a space and time. The author pays attention to the development of two groups of words: 1st: expressing of consanguinity – nomina consanguinitatis, and 2nd: expressing of a kinship acquired by marriage – nomina afinitatis.