Kingdom of Hungary

Pro salute anime. Holy Mass and salvation of the nobility in late medieval Hungary

Fedeles, Tamás

The people of the Medieval era strived to ensure salvation for themselves, their ancestors and their descendants in any way their social and financial status permitted. One possible means to this end was available through Mass-endowments. The current study is based on an analysis of 85 Mass-endowments from 34 Hungarian aristocratic families (1406 – 1531). Besides barons, family members—and particularly their widows and descendants—are covered in the scope of this research.

Funerals and funeral ceremonies of the Hungarian nobility in the Late Middle Ages

Homoľa, Tomáš

Funeral ceremonies of the Hungarian nobility in the late medieval Kingdom of Hungary are the central focus of this study. Due to the relative lack of reports preserved from the Hungarian environment, the current paper is centred on three specific noble funerals that took place in late medieval Hungary. The funeral ceremonies of John Pongrác of Dengeleg, Ulrich of Cilli and Hedwig of Cieszyn were duly reported by contemporary authors and therefore comprise the knowledge base for this text.

For salvation of the soul: Rituals before and after death in the Middle Ages (An introduction)

Hlavačková, Miriam
Lysá, Žofia

The question of death is essential at the level of individuals as well as society, from primitive tribes to high theology, ethics or philosophy. The Latin name for death—exitus letalis (natural departure)—implicitly suggests that death in our culture does not mean a definitive end but a mere “departure.” Based on the funeral rituals and myths found in nearly all cultures, almost none considered death to be a definitive end. What part of us departs, to where, in what way? What transcends our death?

Criminal Law Dogmatics in Hungarian Substantive Law and the Criminal Law Theory of Stephan Huszty

Švecová, Adriana

The developing science of criminal law in the Early Modern period in the Kingdom of Hungary, like elsewhere in Europe, produced few synthesizing works and manuals dedicated to the amendment of substantive and procedural criminal law of the time and its theoretical-dogmatic basis. All the while, Beccarian ideas of modernizing the science of criminal law resounded throughout Europe.

Officials, Landowners and Familiares: County Nobility in Transdanubia at the Turn of the 16th and 17th Centuries

Dominkovits, Péter

Counties in the early modern Hungarian kingdom despite of their particularities fulfilled much the same functions. However, research had shown that there were some counties that functioned on different principles, such as the special counties occupied by the Ottomans.

Barons and Magnates in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 16th Century

Pálffy, Géza

After the battle of Mohács, political elite of the Hungarian kingdom was apart from the prelates formed predominantly by aristocracy. They were represented by about fifty families who in the middle of the century owned 45-50 % of the country's land. Their members would hold the highest administrative and military offices, occupy prominent positions at the Diet, become leaders of the Estates Confederated against the Habsburgs, controll majority of the comes posts in the counties and with the help of their familiares practically govern the whole regions.

On the Ethnic Origin of the Magnate Clan Hont-Poznan (Hont-Pázmany)

Lukačka, Ján

Research of the oldest aristocratic clans in Hungary encounters several difficulties. Sources of the period until as late as the 12th century usually noted only names of nobles without any mention of their family affiliation, nor any other genealogical relation, such as father or grandfather. Therefore, genealogical trees of most Hungarian aristocratic families can be put together only from the 13th century. However, there are some exceptions, such as the Hont-Poznans, an exceptional family that is written into the early medieval history of Hungary.

A Struggle for Primacy? The Politics and Strategy of the Pálffy Family in the First Half of the 17th Century

Fundárková, Anna

In the early modern period people were deeply aware of the importance of consanguinity and according to the heritage rights of the period they were expected to take care even of distant relatives. Moreover, in the aristocratic families special attention was paid also to familial ties created by their wedding strategy. Nonetheless, continuity of the family could be endangered by several factors, such as inadequate contemporary level of medicine, death of the male members of the family in war conflicts or some adverse demographical conditions.

"It Is My Fatherly Love That Makes Me Instruct You...": Upbringing and Education at the Court of the Palatine Nikolaus Es

Duchoňová, Diana

It was in the beginning of the 16th century that fashion to publish about proper behaviour and improvement of manners from childhood to adulthood reached its peak. Court instructions and codes of conduct aimed to discipline a court society and depict to a great extent life at the aristocratic court. On the one hand, they represented an ideal of proper manners, on the other, they are also a reflection of certain conventions, traditions and common practice of the given time and place.

The Social Stratification of Servitores and Their Career Possibilities in Western Transdanubia During the 16th and 17th Centuries

Varga, János J.

The period after the battle of Mohács saw significant migration movements from southern towards northern and north-western parts of the country. The research is delimited to the area bounded by the newly formed border - approximately in the line of the counties of Zala, Veszprém (Weißbrunn) and Komárom (Komorn). Areas behind this line served as a basis for recruitment of new effective troops for the battles against the Ottomans. Landlords in order to be able do protect their property and at the same time to fulfil their duty to defend the country, organised their own armies.

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