dual monarchy

"One scandal follows the other in our politics…" The Role of Corruption Cases in Hungarian Political Life (1903–1913)

Cieger, András

The domestic affairs of Hungary in the first decades of the twentieth century can be described as a series of intertwining corruption scandals. The study gives a joint analysis of four major cases during the years between 1903 and 1913. It examines the reason for the increase in the number of scandals and the way public sins became the central themes of the political agenda at the turn of the century.

The Old and the New Corruption. Elections in Hungary 1867–1918

Cieger, András

In this paper the author gives an overview on the history of corruption in Hungarian Elections. In addition he examines the condition of the Hungarian legal, political and moral norms during the long 19th century to explore the complex reasons of corrupt practices. In the author's opinion the main elements are the following:
(1) The laws were not exacts, the juries gave the politicians forgiveness and the process of electoral petitions was expensive and complicated.

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