Austria

In 1868, immediately after the Austro-Hungarian Empire was formed, Slovenes became more active politically and socially, despite the German cultural and economic strength and despite the fact that they were considered by some to be a people “without history.” In this sense, the Slovenian Sokols (Eng. Falcons) played an important role. Sokols were gymnastic associations created following the example of the first Sokol in Prague.

The presented study aims to define the origin and character of transnational intellectual relations between Czech Catholic philosopher and essayist Jiří Němec and the intellectual group of Austrian left Catholics in the 1960s. The article traces the impact and influence of Austrian left Catholicism on the thought and spiritual development of Jiří Němec.

Between the “Anschluss” of Austria to Nazi Germany in March 1938 and the first mass transports from Vienna in 1941, 135,000 Austrians, who were defined as Jewish by the Nuremburg laws, fled abroad. This article looks at the key moments in their expulsion, focusing on those who sought refuge in Czechoslovakia, especially in the border regions during 1938 and an examination of the processes of flight, trafficking, smuggling and illegal expulsions as the geo-political landscape of both countries changed dramatically.

The contribution deals with the period of time when Karl of Schwarzenberg was the Austrian Ambassador to Paris, that is the period of his Paris mission before the commencement of the campaign in Russia. It presents Schwarzenberg's personality as seen in his hitherto unstudied correspondence between him and Klemens von Metternich, plus some other sources of a personal nature, belonging to the same period and the same social ambience. The fundamental source was the 29 letters Schwarzenberg sent to Metternich from Paris.

The article deals with the process of exiting of Austria from the war with Napoleon. Up to 1813, Austria lost one battle after another, probably experiencing the greatest humiliation in its history at the Battles of Austerlitz and Wagram. It had to abandon the so-called Holy Roman Empire; and eventually, if unwillingly, became an ally of Napoleon's France; Francis II had to marry his own daughter to Napoleon. As the ally of Bonaparte, he was threatened by unpleasant defeat in the war with Russia.